IL-1 beta is a messenger protein, or cytokine, released during inflammation. It is the trigger most cartilage studies use to switch on MMP13 in cells.
Also called IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta, IL-1.
IL-1 belongs to the interleukins, the cytokines cells use to signal inflammation. It comes in two forms, alpha and beta, and both have raised MMP13 in cartilage: IL-1 alpha in human cartilage tissue (Mitchell 1996) and IL-1 beta in human cartilage cells (Reboul 1996; Julovi 2011).
To switch on the MMP13 gene, IL-1 needs three routes inside the cell, p38, JNK and NF-kB (Mengshol 2000). Cartilage cells from older donors made more IL-1 beta even without provocation, and made more MMP13 when provoked with it (Forsyth 2005).
Because it reliably raises MMP13, IL-1 beta is the standard challenge in lab tests of compounds such as curcumin and hyaluronan (Wang 2017; Julovi 2011). A result in IL-1 beta-stimulated cells shows a mechanism, not an effect in people.
Yes, in lab studies. The inflammatory messenger IL-1 raised MMP13 in human cartilage and cartilage cells in several studies, and TNF-alpha did too. To switch the MMP13...
In human cartilage cells, MMP13 rose in response to inflammatory messengers such as IL-1, oxidative stress, calcium phosphate crystals, a disrupted cell body clock...
Not on its own. In healthy ankle cartilage from 30 donors aged 16 to 75, all four collagen-cutting enzymes were present but did not change with age. What age changed was...